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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

儿童题材作品会成为新风口吗******

　　作者：师文静

　　近日,以儿童为主角的幽默搞笑剧《米小圈上学记》在央视播出,夸张逗笑的校园生活、小演员们的精彩表演都比较有吸引力。除了动画作品,以儿童为目标群体的真人亲子影视剧一直不受市场重视,精品剧更是稀缺。《米小圈上学记》的热播,让不少观众感受到久违的低龄合家欢喜剧带来的快乐,也意味着这种风格的儿童创新喜剧有其市场。

　　逗笑剧情和小演员演技加分

　　《米小圈上学记》改编自同名儿童畅销读物,讲述了米小圈与同学姜小牙、铁头三人童真、荒诞又温情的校园故事,也有大量的家庭逗趣囧事。这部剧采用单元剧的形式,分别讲述“友情的真谛”“亲情温暖”“兴趣与梦想”“爱心养宠物”“家庭旅行”“团体运动”等主题故事,每个小故事都起承转合、充满温情。比如《班长之争》主题单元中,米小圈使出各种“手段”给同学留下好印象,在竞选班长中获得不少票数,但弄虚作假的拉票被老师识破,该单元探讨的是公平竞争的话题。再比如《二爷爷的心愿》单元中,二爷爷来米小圈家做客,米小圈使尽浑身滑稽招数,想让二爷爷给他买心爱的自行车,二爷爷为了满足米小圈的心愿,捡拾矿泉水瓶攒钱,而乐于助人的同学们则集体去帮助二爷爷,米小圈得知真相后感动地抱着二爷爷大哭,为了完成二爷爷的心愿,米小圈也卖掉自行车并全力以赴。故事很简单,主题很明显,教育小朋友要孝顺长辈、知恩图报、珍惜亲情。这部剧中一个个令人捧腹的小故事,都在传递积极向上的正能量。每集开头或结尾处,剧中的家长和老师都会对当集主题进行总结,引导孩子树立正确的价值观。

　　这部剧想通过一个个小故事传递正确价值观,不少故事的走向、人物举动其实都很大人思维,但这种单元小故事的紧凑形式能装下更多内容,也适合家长、孩子相伴观看。剧中也有不少笑点会引发思考,比如米小圈发愁没有朋友,没法写作文,爸爸本来要安慰儿子,但画风一转,因没有朋友而伤心哭泣的是爸爸。据悉,创作团队在打磨剧本的一年多时间内,对当下低年级小朋友和家长们正面临的、关心的社会议题进行了充分调研,由此头脑风暴出剧中笑点和各种主题表达。

　　《米小圈上学记》的创作、改编走的还是“情景+喜剧”的内容特色,兼具趣味性与教育性。值得一提的是,剧中郭赫轩、吴彦坤、黄洪铮、陈芷琰等小演员演得非常自然、松弛,贴合角色,很为电视剧加分。

　　儿童题材影视剧注重开发大IP

　　《米小圈上学记》播出受到关注,是大IP效应的凸显。该剧原著已经在儿童文学圈火了很多年,虽然口碑不高,但知名度很高,对这种IP的开发更能吸引关注。

　　《小龙人》《快乐星球》《巴拉拉小魔仙》《家有儿女》等以儿童为主角的真人剧,满足了一代代儿童的观剧需求,而现在的影视创作、播出环境,除了动画片,很难再出优质儿童真人剧,但此类作品创作并没有停止,近两年开启了以开发大IP为主的创作风潮。比如融合真人表演与CG技术的《故宫里的大怪兽》系列,也是改编自近些年来非常火的儿童文学作品。《不是吧!我变成超人了》《超战真人》等剧集则改编自热门的动画IP。真人儿童电影《罐头小人》是根据作家郑渊洁的原著改编的。这两年国外儿童剧也一样重视对经典作品的改编,比如超高分美剧《小小安妮》,讲述一个11岁被领养女孩的成长,作品改编自著名的儿童文学作品《绿山墙的安妮》。以儿童为主角的奇幻冒险题材剧《鹿角男孩》也是改编自同名漫画,讲述一个头上长角的男孩为了弄清楚自己身世而展开的奇幻冒险旅程。

　　原创儿童题材影视剧很难创作、很难出精品的原因是,此类作品如果不能真正进入儿童视角、儿童内心,就会主题先行,展现训导之姿态,也容易走入浮夸、脱离实际的创作路径。这种改编大IP的潮流,更容易把作品做出圈或者做成优质内容。优质儿童文学IP非常多,不知道儿童影视剧改编会不会是下一个平台要积极占领的新内容风口。（师文静）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）